Name | Species Sex | Origin | Age | Birth | Birth weight Kg | Birth weight lbs | Death date | Parents | Arrival - Location |
+ -stillborn- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 | 1998-04-25 | 180.00
| 396.00
| 1998-04-25 | Chang x Jangolie | 1998-04-25 Chester Zoo |
-Duncan- | EM M | captive-born | 11 | 2014-02-08 | 174.60
| 384.12
| | Thai (Thailand) x Shanti | 2023-04-00 Denver Zoo |
+ -Aishu- | EM M | captive-born | 3 | 2000-06-10 | 174.00
| 382.80
| 2003-10-15 | Maxi x Ceyla (Ceyla-Himali) | 2000-06-10 Zurich Zoo |
+ -Haji- | EM M | captive-born | 3 | 1999-11-28 | 172.00
| 378.40
| 2002-06-07 | Onyx (Big Mac) x Moola | 1999-11-28 Dickerson Park Zoo |
-Maliha- | EM F | captive-born | 19 | 2006-08-02 | 169.00
| 371.80
| | Raja x Ellie | 2006-08-02 St Louis Zoo |
+ -Ko Raya- | EM F | captive-born | 2 | 2009-03-15 | 168.00
| 369.60
| 2011-05-27 | Victor x Pha | 2009-03-15 Berlin Zoo |
-Anchali- | EM F | captive-born | 13 | 2012-08-12 | 160.00
| 352.00
| | Victor x Pha | 2012-08-12 Berlin Zoo |
-Baylor- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-05-04 | 158.00
| 347.60
| | Thai (Thailand) x Shanti | 2024-05-07 Denver Zoo |
-Obert- | EM M | captive-born | 22 | 2003-08-20 | 154.00
| 338.80
| | Buke x Isa | Endangered Ark Foundation |
+ -Nila Utama- | EM M | captive-born | 3 | 2010-11-23 | 151.00
| 332.20
| 2013 | Chawang (Lasah) x Sri Nandong | 2010-11-23 Singapore Night Safari |
-Mirembe- | LA F | captive-born | 11 | 2014-06-07 | 150.00
| 330.00
| | Jums x Tammi (Tami) | 2014-06-07 Howletts Wild Animal Park |
+ -Umesh- | EM M | captive-born | 2 | 2020-02-05 | 150.00
| 330.00
| 2022-06-29 | Thai x Indi | 2020-02-05 Zurich Zoo |
-Neha- | EM F | captive-born | 9 | 2016-05-12 | 149.00
| 327.80
| | Chawang (Lasah) x Sri Nandong | 2016-05-12 Singapore Night Safari |
-Tsavo- | LA M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-06-28 | 148.00
| 325.60
| | Jack (Jackson) x Moyo | 2024-10-25 Tucson Reid Park Zoo |
-Kandula- | EM M | captive-born | 24 | 2001-11-25 | 147.00
| 323.40
| | Calvin (Chanda) x Shanthi | 2015-10-00 Oklahoma City Zoo |
+ -Shaina Pali- | EM F | captive-born | 6 | 2005-06-15 | 145.00
| 319.00
| 2011-04-05 | Victor x Pha | 2005-06-15 Berlin Zoo |
+ -Noname- | LA M | captive-born | < 1 6 | 2005-05-13 | 145.00
| 319.00
| 2005-05-13 | Bulwagi x Ibala | 2005-05-13 Disneys Animal Kingdom |
+ -Daizy- | EM F | captive-born | 6 | 2009-09-02 | 144.00
| 316.80
| 2015-05-09 | Albert x Rozie (Rozana) | 2009-09-02 Albuquerque Biological Park |
-Ongard- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-09-10 | 142.00
| 312.40
| | Bong Su x Kulab | 2018-05-09 Miami Metro Zoo |
-Yuuki- | EM M | captive-born | 11 | 2014-06-12 | 142.00
| 312.40
| | Mac x Zuzanna | Ichihara Elephant Kingdom |
-Irvin- | EM M | captive-born | 20 | 2005-06-01 | 142.00
| 312.40
| | Charlie x Alana | 2005-06-01 Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation |
-Kamon- | EM M | captive-born | 3 | 2022-05-07 | 141.50
| 311.30
| | Mekong x Sandry | 2022-05-07 Knies Kinderzoo |
-Aree- | EM F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-04-21 | 140.00
| 308.00
| | Charlie x Mala | 2021-05-02 White Oak Conservation |
-Tarak- | EM M | captive-born | 20 | 2005-10-28 | 140.00
| 308.00
| | Calvin (Chanda) x Khaing Hnin Hnin | 2022-07-12 Cologne Zoo (Köln Zoo) |
+ -noname- | LA F | captive-born | < 1 20 | 2010-04-00 | 140.00
| 308.00
| 2010-04-00 | Jamba x Dandara | 2010-04-00 Belo Horizonte Zoobotanica |
+ -Kiran- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 20 | 2020-01-11 | 140.00
| 308.00
| 2021-06-18 | Voi Nam x Rani | 2020-01-11 Leipzig Zoo |
+ -Sahib Fridolin- | EM M | captive-born | 31 | 1963-02-15 | 139.00
| 305.80
| 1994-12-23 | Siam x Ceylon | 1991-03-02 Cricket St Thomas Wildlife Park |
+ -Lauritz- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 31 | 1916-04-03 | 138.00
| 303.60
| 1916-04-25 | Chang x Ellen | 1916-04-03 Copenhagen Zoo |
+ -Beco- | EM M | captive-born | 13 | 2009-03-27 | 138.00
| 303.60
| 2022-06-18 | Coco (Sultan) x Phoebe | 2009-03-27 Columbus Zoo and Aquarium |
+ -Lily- | EM F | captive-born | 6 | 2012-11-30 | 136.00
| 299.20
| 2018-11-29 | Tusko x Rose-Tu (twin) | 2012-11-30 Portland Zoo (Metro Washington Park Zoo) |
-Dimas- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-03-15 | 136.00
| 299.20
| | Ankhor x Cynthia (Chyntia) | 2014-06-17 Sevilla Exotic animals reserve |
-Gunther- | EM M | captive-born | 24 | 2001-11-18 | 136.00
| 299.20
| | Charlie x Mala | 2005-00-00 Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation |
+ -stillborn- | EM unknown | captive-born | < 1 24 | 1965-05-06 | 133.00
| 292.60
| 1965-05-06 | Som x Merry | 1965-05-06 Takarazuka Zoo and Family Land |
+ -stillborn- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 24 | 2004-07-01 | 133.00
| 292.60
| 2004-07-01 | Emmett (Tundi) x Delhi | 2004-07-01 Usti nad Labem Zoo |
-Samson- | LA M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-03-19 | 132.00
| 290.40
| | Willie x Lil Felix | 2008-03-19 Maryland Zoo |
+ -Sanook- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 17 | 2013-01-17 | 131.00
| 288.20
| 2013-12-03 | Bong Su x Num-Oi | 2013-01-17 Melbourne Zoo |
+ -Man Jai- | EM M | captive-born | 10 | 2013-12-08 | 131.00
| 288.20
| 2023-08-24 | Bong Su x Dokkoon | 2013-12-08 Melbourne Zoo |
-Gandhi- | EM M | captive-born | 19 | 2006-03-20 | 130.00
| 286.00
| | Chieng Mai x Ida | 2018-11-08 La Palmyre Zoo |
-Elizabeth- | EM F | captive-born | 9 | 2016-06-10 | 130.00
| 286.00
| | Emmett (Tundi) x Karishma | 2016-06-10 Whipsnade Wild Animal Park |
-Ananda Yingthway- | EM M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-02-25 | 130.00
| 286.00
| | Radsch x Htoo Yin Aye | 2023-12-20 Osnabruck Zoo |
+ -noname- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 17 | 2010-02-17 | 130.00
| 286.00
| 2010-02-17 | Radsch x Swe San Thay | 2010-02-17 Emmen Zoo |
+ -noname- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 17 | 2012-04-09 | 130.00
| 286.00
| 2012-04-09 | Naing Thein x Hoa | 2012-04-09 Leipzig Zoo |
+ -Petit Jack- | EM M | captive-born | 2 | 2021-06-16 | 129.50
| 284.90
| 2023-07-18 | Upali x Nina | 2021-05-16 Dompierre Le Pal Zoo |
-Maly (Malay)- | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-03-13 | 128.00
| 281.60
| | Nikolai x Khaing Hnin Hnin | 2014-10-09 Pairi Daiza (Parc Paradisio) |
-Kaia- | LA F | captive-born | 7 | 2018-09-27 | 127.73
| 281.01
| | Mabu x Umngani | 2018-09-27 San Diego Zoo Safari Park |
-Ririka- | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-09-03 | 127.00
| 279.40
| | Terry x Pooly | 2013-09-03 Ichihara Elephant Kingdom |
+ -stillborn- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 12 | 2005-01-25 | 127.00
| 279.40
| 2005-01-25 | Gajendra x Panang | 2005-01-25 Munich Zoo |
-Rudy- | EM F | captive-born | 23 | 2002-01-29 | 127.00
| 279.40
| | Charlie x Sally | 2016-11-29 Columbus Zoo and Aquarium |
-Bodhi- | EM M | captive-born | 21 | 2004-04-16 | 127.00
| 279.40
| | Coco (Sultan) x Phoebe | 2011-11-03 Denver Zoo |
+ -Minyak- | EM F | captive-born | 32 | 1932-01-29 | 127.00
| 279.40
| 1964-00-00 | Jacky x Roma I | 1964-00-00 Carson & Barnes Circus |
-Geetha- | EM F | captive-born | 16 | 2009-07-23 | 126.00
| 277.20
| | Emmett (Tundi) x Kaylee | 2009-07-23 Whipsnade Wild Animal Park |
+ -stillborn- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 16 | 2003-05-14 | 124.00
| 272.80
| 2003-05-14 | Brahma x Sandai | 2003-05-14 Kolmarden Zoo |
-Louie- | LA M | captive-born | 22 | 2003-04-30 | 124.00
| 272.80
| | Bulwagi x Renee | 2021-06-03 North Carolina Zoo |
-Ned (George Ketchum)- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-04-12 | 124.00
| 272.80
| | Emmett (Tundi) x Karishma | 2016-11-17 Katowice Zoo |
-Tupelo- | EM F | captive-born | 15 | 2010-10-03 | 124.00
| 272.80
| | Thai (Thailand) x Tess | Houston Zoo |
+ -Amalee- | EM F | captive-born | 3 | 2020-03-27 | 124.00
| 272.80
| 2023-01-27 | Ankhor x Tamara | Prague Zoo (Zoo Praha) |
-Jake- | EM M | captive-born | 16 | 2009-11-02 | 122.00
| 268.40
| | Rex x Natasha | 2018-10-08 Denver Zoo |
-Sara- | EM F | captive-born | 24 | 2001-04-16 | 122.00
| 268.40
| | Charlie x Icky II | 2016-00-00 Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation |
+ -stillborn- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 24 | 1964-06-07 | 122.00
| 268.40
| 1964-06-07 | Moti (Mohti) x Sabu | 1964-06-07 Hannover Zoo |
+ -Dumbo- | EM M | captive-born | 2 | 2019-07-22 | 122.00
| 268.40
| 2021-12-00 | Lembang x Doa | 2019-07-22 Surabaya Zoo |
-Zahara- | LA F | captive-born | 19 | 2006-08-31 | 121.00
| 266.20
| | Ali x Ivory | 2006-08-31 Indianapolis Zoo |
+ -Binari- | EM F | captive-born | 2 | 2001-09-19 | 120.00
| 264.00
| 2003-01-03 | x Shermi | 2001-09-19 Pinnawala elephant orphanage |
-Taru- | EM M | captive-born | 12 | 2013-12-31 | 120.00
| 264.00
| | Nikolai x Manari | 2022-03-10 Lodz Zoo |
+ -Tukta- | EM F | captive-born | 8 | 2010-11-02 | 120.00
| 264.00
| 2018-09-03 | Gung x Pak Boon | 2010-11-02 Sydney Zoo |
-Tanwa- | EM M | captive-born | 12 | 2013-12-17 | 120.00
| 264.00
| | Boon Pat x Nong Mai | 2013-12-17 Maetaeng Elephant Park |
-Yuma (Yoma)- | EM M | captive-born | 20 | 2005-05-08 | 120.00
| 264.00
| | Ankhor x Kewa | 2009-09-05 Rostov Zoo |
-April- | EM F | captive-born | 15 | 2010-04-03 | 120.00
| 264.00
| | Charlie x Alana | 2021-04-00 White Oak Conservation |
+ -miscarriage:- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 15 | 2006-05-07 | 120.00
| 264.00
| 2006-05-07 | x Kamsri | 2006-05-07 FAE Elephant Hospital |
-Arun- | EM M | captive-born | 5 | 2020-10-31 | 120.00
| 264.00
| | Athi x Authi | 2020-10-31 Ueno Zoo |
-Pantha- | EM F | captive-born | 13 | 2012-06-01 | 119.00
| 261.80
| | Ankhor x Kewa | 2020-09-24 Leipzig Zoo |
+ -stillborn- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 13 | 1998-01-17 | 118.00
| 259.60
| 1998-01-17 | Ankhor x Kewa | 1998-01-17 Tierpark Berlin |
-Kando- | LA M | captive-born | 18 | 2007-05-20 | 117.00
| 257.40
| | Tembo x Pori | 2018-07-12 Magdeburg Zoo |
-Ludwig- | EM M | captive-born | 14 | 2011-05-06 | 117.00
| 257.40
| | Gajendra x Temi | 2015-05-12 Heidelberg Zoo |
-Thuza- | EM F | captive-born | 17 | 2008-12-13 | 117.00
| 257.40
| | Ankhor x Kewa | 2020-09-25 Leipzig Zoo |
-Callee- | LA M | captive-born | 25 | 2000-09-19 | 116.00
| 255.20
| | Jack (Jackson) x Savannah (Nan) | 2023-05-23 Sedgwick County Zoo |
-Pathi Harn- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-03-10 | 116.00
| 255.20
| | Bong Su x Porntip | 2015-04-24 Taronga Dubbo Western Plains Zoo |
-Priya- | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-04-26 | 114.09
| 251.00
| | Raja x Ellie | 2013-04-26 St Louis Zoo |
-Zuri- | LA F | captive-born | 16 | 2009-08-10 | 114.00
| 250.80
| | Jack (Jackson) x Christi | 2023-10-19 Kansas City Zoo |
-Barack (Rocky)- | EM M | captive-born | 16 | 2009-01-19 | 113.00
| 248.60
| | Doc x Bonnie | 2012-00-00 Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation |
+ -Ota- | LA F | captive-born | 16 | 1966-01-13 | 113.00
| 248.60
| 1982-11-30 | Omari x Idunda | 1972-00-00 Basel Zoo |
+ -killed- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 16 | 1984-08-17 | 113.00
| 248.60
| 1984-08-17 | Assam x Pugli | 1984-08-17 Port Lympne Zoo |
+ -Jamuna Toni- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 16 | 2009-12-21 | 113.00
| 248.60
| 2010-06-14 | Gajendra x Panang | 2009-12-21 Munich Zoo |
-Tuluba- | LA M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-08-06 | 112.00
| 246.40
| | Tusker x Numbi | 2016-04-26 La Teste Zoo du Bassin d´Arcachon |
+ -Kedar- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 15 | 2005-07-31 | 110.00
| 242.00
| 2005-08-04 | Indy (Butch) x Targa | 2005-07-31 Syracuse Zoo (Rosamond Gifford Zoo) |
-Opal- | EM F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-11-04 | 110.00
| 242.00
| | Rex x Natasha | 2005-11-04 African Lion Safari (Ontario) |
-Bou-Bou- | LA M | captive-born | 19 | 2006-03-23 | 110.00
| 242.00
| | Tonga x Veri | 2021-06-04 Gyor Zoo |
-Noel- | EM M | captive-born | 22 | 2003-12-24 | 110.00
| 242.00
| | x Thongkwaou | Unknown |
-Izmir- | EM F | captive-born | 14 | 2011-02-05 | 110.00
| 242.00
| | Winner x Begümcan | 2011-02-05 Izmir Sasali Natural Life Park Zoo |
+ -Nayan Hi Way- | EM M | captive-born | 3 | 2010-07-18 | 110.00
| 242.00
| 2013-07-29 | Upali x Sithami | 2010-07-18 Chester Zoo |
+ -Tatu Chinara- | LA F | captive-born | 3 | 2013-09-19 | 110.00
| 242.00
| | Abu x Bibi | 2013-09-19 Halle Zoo |
-Warona- | LA F | captive-born | 14 | 2011-12-17 | 110.00
| 242.00
| | x Shirheni | 2011-12-17 Abu Camp |
-Jade- | EM F | captive-born | 18 | 2007-02-25 | 107.00
| 235.40
| | Raja x Rani | 2007-02-25 St Louis Zoo |
-unknown- | EM M | captive-born | 16 | 2009-06-07 | 106.50
| 234.30
| | x Bunga | 2009-06-07 Way Kambas Elephant Training Center (PLG) |
-Saphira- | EM F | captive-born | 15 | 2010-05-07 | 106.00
| 233.20
| | Nikolai x Sayang | 2018-09-25 Pairi Daiza (Parc Paradisio) |
-Bongi- | LA F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-06-03 | 106.00
| 233.20
| | Tusker x Punda | 2015-03-23 Beekse Bergen Safaripark |
-Nadirah- | LA F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-12-19 | 106.00
| 233.20
| | Jack (Jackson) x Donna | 2005-12-19 Disneys Animal Kingdom |
+ -Rani- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 20 | 2002-06-05 | 106.00
| 233.20
| 2002-08-00 | Triang (Teriang) x Sibol | 2002-06-05 Negara National Zoo |
-Kalaya- | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-11-01 | 106.00
| 233.20
| | Po Chin x Sandry | 2016-00-00 Knies Kinderzoo |
-Ayo- | LA M | captive-born | 9 | 2016-08-03 | 105.00
| 231.00
| | Abu x Panya | 2020-08-12 Hodenhagen Serengeti-Park |
-Kartini- | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-04-12 | 105.00
| 231.00
| | x Nina | 2013-04-12 Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor Zoo) |
-Max- | EM M | captive-born | 9 | 2016-04-05 | 104.00
| 228.80
| | Mekong x Janita | 2024-07-18 Antwerp Zoo |
-Scott- | EM M | captive-born | 14 | 2011-10-18 | 104.00
| 228.80
| | Emmett (Tundi) x Azizah (Lay,Layang Layang) | 2016-11-17 Katowice Zoo |
-Unnamed- | EM F | captive-born | 1 | 2024-11-04 | 104.00
| 228.80
| | Robin x Ngatini | 2024-11-04 Buluh Cina ecopark |
+ -Donaldson (Riddle)- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 1 | 2008-01-17 | 103.00
| 226.60
| 2009-05-03 | Emmett (Tundi) x Azizah (Lay,Layang Layang) | 2008-01-17 Whipsnade Wild Animal Park |
-Saen Suk- | EM F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-11-07 | 103.00
| 226.60
| | Mongkol (Phlaymongkol) x Jim (twin) | 2005-11-07 Khao Kheow Open Zoo |
-Rajveer (Rajbir)- | EM M | captive-born | 18 | 2007-07-19 | 103.00
| 226.60
| | Raj Mangal x Hema | 2007-07-19 Chhat Bir Zoo (Mahinder Singh Zoological park) |
-Bogor- | EM M | captive-born | 13 | 2012-05-08 | 102.00
| 224.40
| | Ankhor x Nova | 2023-03-11 Estepona Selwo safari park |
-Lutsandvo- | LA M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-02-14 | 101.00
| 222.20
| | Mabu x Ndula | 2019-08-00 Birmingham Zoo |
-Kibo- | LA M | captive-born | 20 | 2005-10-09 | 101.00
| 222.20
| | Tusker x Numbi | 2015-08-19 Erfurt Zoo |
-Emmett (Tundi)- | EM M | captive-born | 34 | 1991-07-10 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Indy (Butch) x Romani | 2019-10-00 Blackpool Zoo |
+ -M´changa- | LA M | captive-born | 13 | 2008-08-11 | 100.00
| 220.00
| 2021-06-18? | Kibo x Dudu | 2014-11-07 Noahs Ark Zoo Farm |
-AI- | EM M | captive-born | 18 | 2007-03-07 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Ngam x Kod | 2007-03-07 Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC) |
+ -Raj- | EM M | captive-born | 4 | 2018-05-05 | 100.00
| 220.00
| 2022-06-09 | Gajendra x Shila | 2018-05-05 Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen) |
+ -Ganesh Vijay- | EM M | captive-born | 2 | 2009-08-06 | 100.00
| 220.00
| 2011-04-13? | Emmett (Tundi) x Noor Jahan | 2009-08-06 Twycross Zoo |
-Mauk- | EM M | captive-born | 7 | 2018-04-02 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Mekong x Mingalar Oo | 2018-04-02 Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen |
+ -noname (wild)- | EM unknown | wild | < 1 7 | 2015? | 100.00
| 220.00
| 2016-01-09 | x | Yok Don National Park |
+ -stillborn- | LA F | captive-born | < 1 7 | 2010? | 100.00
| 220.00
| 2010? | x | Knysna Elephant Park |
-Ming Jung- | EM M | captive-born | 18 | 2007-04-16 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Kongka x Tong Koon | 2019-10-28 Whipsnade Wild Animal Park |
-Gonzales- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-12-20 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Doa x Lembang | 2010-12-20 Surabaya Zoo |
-Thuya- | EM M | captive-born | 12 | 2013-07-15 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Radsch x Htoo Yin Aye | 2020-02-03 Veszprem Kittenberger Kalman Zoo |
-Jung Bul Kne- | EM M | captive-born | 8 | 2017-01-28 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Sang Raja x Maha Kumari | 2023-07-13 Veszprem Kittenberger Kalman Zoo |
+ -Thong Nang (stillborn)- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 8 | 2019-12-01 | 100.00
| 220.00
| 2019-12-01 | x Bak Kham | 2019-12-01 Yo Nie |
-Sutton- | LA M | captive-born | 11 | 2014-05-05 | 100.00
| 220.00
| | Steve (wild) x Five | 2023-05-10 Noahs Ark Zoo Farm |
-Gadze- | LA M | captive-born | 16 | 2009-03-13 | 99.00
| 217.80
| | Mabu x Umngani | 2019-08-00 Birmingham Zoo |
-Navann (Navaan)- | EM M | captive-born | 13 | 2012-10-28 | 98.90
| 217.58
| | Hope (Yod Doi) x Sri Prae | 2012-10-28 Elephant Nature Park (ENP) |
-Nuka- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-05-11 | 98.00
| 215.60
| | Nikolai x Farina | Veszprem Kittenberger Kalman Zoo |
-Yumi- | EM F | captive-born | 11 | 2014-03-17 | 98.00
| 215.60
| | Nikolai x Califa | 2014-03-17 Hannover Zoo |
+ -Columbia (Young America)- | EM F | captive-born | 27 | 1880-03-10 | 97.27
| 213.99
| 1907-11-08 | Mandarin x Hebe (Babe) | 1881-00-00 Barnum & Bailey Circus |
-Kariba- | LA F | captive-born | 19 | 2006-03-17 | 97.00
| 213.40
| | Tembo x Saba (Sabah) | 2020-08-26 Kronberg Opel Zoo |
-Tamo- | LA M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-01-13 | 97.00
| 213.40
| | Tusker x Sweni | 2013-04-17 Kronberg Opel Zoo |
-Achariyek Noelle- | EM F | captive-born | 4 | 2021-12-26 | 96.50
| 212.30
| | x Ikeo | 2021-12-26 Airavata Elephant Foundation |
-Unnamed- | EM M | captive-born | 13 | 2012-01-02 | 96.00
| 211.20
| | x Nila | 2012-01-02 Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor Zoo) |
-Luk Chai- | EM M | captive-born | 16 | 2009-07-04 | 96.00
| 211.20
| | Gung x Thong Dee | 2025-02-06 Werribee Open Range Zoo |
-unknown- | EM unknown | captive-born | 4 | 2021-01-14 | 95.40
| 209.88
| | x Ya Long | 2021-01-14 Xishuangbanna Tropical Zoo |
-Shah Rukh- | EM M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-11-21 | 95.00
| 209.00
| | Hussein x Yashoda | 2018-05-16 Szeged Zoo |
-Sabai- | EM M | captive-born | 9 | 2016-11-02 | 95.00
| 209.00
| | Gung x Thong Dee | 2016-11-02 Taronga Dubbo Western Plains Zoo |
-Khosi- | LA F | captive-born | 19 | 2006-09-11 | 95.00
| 209.00
| | Mabu x Umngani | 2006-09-11 San Diego Zoo Safari Park |
-Felix- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-07-25 | 95.00
| 209.00
| | Nikolai x Califa | 2020-03-04 Szeged Zoo |
+ -Radza junior- | EM M | captive-born | 9 | 2014-05-16 | 95.00
| 209.00
| 2023-06-19 | Radsch x Mingalar Oo | 2015-00-00 Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen |
-Tamani- | LA M | captive-born | 20 | 2005-10-17 | 93.18
| 205.00
| | Bulwagi x Ellie | 2015-10-05 Kansas City Zoo |
-Amithi- | EM F | captive-born | 13 | 2012-12-24 | 93.00
| 204.60
| | Nikolai x Farina | 2014-10-09 Pairi Daiza (Parc Paradisio) |
+ -Jade- | EM F | captive-born | 7 | 2008-05-04 | 92.00
| 202.40
| 2015-11-30 | Chang x Nina | 2008-05-04 Dompierre Le Pal Zoo |
-Lakuna- | EM F | captive-born | 5 | 2020-05-09 | 92.00
| 202.40
| | Ankhor x Janita | 2020-05-09 Prague Zoo (Zoo Praha) |
-Kanvar- | EM M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-07-19 | 91.00
| 200.20
| | Ganapati (Ganapathy) x Sami | 2017-07-06 Planckendael Zoo |
+ -Mara- | EM F | captive-born | 6 | 2011-09-17 | 90.50
| 199.10
| 2017-08-13 | Dana x Asha | 2011-09-17 Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical Park |
+ -Y Bak No (stillborn)- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 6 | 2017-10-08 | 90.00
| 198.00
| 2017-10-08 | x Bun Nang | 2017-10-08 Y Sor Hra |
-Kedar- | LA M | captive-born | 20 | 2005-10-18 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | Bulwagi x Kubwa | 2005-10-18 Indianapolis Zoo |
-Taiping- | EM F | captive-born | 18 | 2007-06-06 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | Setia x Jalong | 2007-06-06 Taiping Zoo and Night Safari Malaysia |
-unknown- | EM | captive-born | 16 | 2009-01-04 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | x Linda | 2009-01-04 Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor Zoo) |
-Nelly- | LA F | captive-born | 16 | 2009-12-27 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | Tonga x Veri | 2009-12-27 Hodenhagen Serengeti-Park |
-Long Long- | EM F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-05-04 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | x unknown | 2005-04-00 Guangzhou Xiangjiang Safari Park |
-Monty- | LA M | captive-born | 19 | 2006-05-30 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | Pancho x Pancha | 2006-05-30 Parque Zoológico La Pastora (The Shepard) |
-Rani- | EM F | captive-born | 16 | 2009-07-03 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | Hussein x Thura | 2014-09-02 Leipzig Zoo |
-Assam- | EM M | captive-born | 13 | 2012-04-13 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | Hussein x Lai Sinh | 2024-07-16 Augsburg Zoo |
+ -Tino- | EM F | captive-born | 2 | 2013-08-07 | 90.00
| 198.00
| 2015-11-20 | x Ria | 2013-08-07 Tesso Nilo WWF-BKSDA Flying Squad camp |
+ -Mumba- | EM F | captive-born | 4 | 2011-06-18 | 90.00
| 198.00
| 2015-12-08 | Nikolai x Thong Tai | 2011-06-18 Amsterdam Artis Zoo |
+ -Lola- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 4 | 2011-10-28 | 90.00
| 198.00
| 2012-01-21? | Gajendra x Panang | 2011-10-28 Munich Zoo |
-Tao- | EM unknown | captive-born | 2 | 2023-08-19 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | x Pearl | 2023-08-19 Sapporo Maruyama Zoo |
-Dobra- | LA F | captive-born | 2 | 2023-04-05 | 90.00
| 198.00
| | x Hilda | 2023-05-05 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon |
-Namsai- | EM M | captive-born | 12 | 2013-07-27 | 87.00
| 191.40
| | Raja x Bua | 2021-05-11 Heidelberg Zoo |
-Sonja- | EM F | captive-born | 8 | 2017-10-21 | 87.00
| 191.40
| | Renggo x Guntur Ria (Gunturia) | 2017-10-21 Way Bungur Elephant Respond Unit (ERU) |
+ -stillborn- | LA F | captive-born | < 1 8 | 2018-07-01 | 86.00
| 189.20
| 2018-07-01 | x Zola | 2018-07-01 Zlin Lesna-Got Zoo |
-Kelly Ann- | EM F | captive-born | 29 | 1996-01-01 | 86.00
| 189.20
| | Vance (Matt) x Sally | 2021-04-00 White Oak Conservation |
-Neco- | LA M | captive-born | 4 | 2021-01-08 | 86.00
| 189.20
| | x Christina | 2023-06-16 Kronberg Opel Zoo |
-Si Mungil (Cutie)- | EM F | captive-born | 8 | 2017-07-07 | 85.00
| 187.00
| | Andalas x Tira | 2017-07-07 Batu Secret Zoo (Malang) |
-Nang Faa- | EM F | captive-born | 10 | 2015-05-20 | 85.00
| 187.00
| | Nikolai x Farina | 2015-05-20 Pairi Daiza (Parc Paradisio) |
-Unnamed- | EM M | captive-born | 4 | 2021-12-02 | 84.00
| 184.80
| | x Ria | 2021-12-02 Tesso Nilo WWF-BKSDA Flying Squad camp |
-Tonka (Barbie)- | EM F | captive-born | 42 | 1983-08-23 | 83.00
| 182.60
| | x Minyak | 2021-04-00 White Oak Conservation |
+ -unknown- | EM M | captive-born | 42 | | 83.00
| 182.60
| | x unknown | Sri Lanka unspecified location |
-Covid- | EM M | captive-born | 5 | 2020-04-28 | 82.50
| 181.50
| | x Nina | 2020-04-28 Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor Zoo) |
+ -Fiela- | LA F | captive-born | < 1 5 | 2013-03-05 | 82.00
| 180.40
| 2013-06-03 | x Thandi | 2013-03-05 Knysna Elephant Park |
-Asha- | EM F | captive-born | 18 | 2007-05-07 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Alexander x Bernhardine (Bernhardini) | 2007-05-07 Dublin Zoo |
-Kai Mook (Kai-Mook)- | EM F | captive-born | 16 | 2009-05-17 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Alexander x Khaing Phyo Phyo | 2012-06-18 Planckendael Zoo |
-Kwanza- | LA F | captive-born | 24 | 2001-08-13 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Kibo x Dudu | 2011-10-29 Sosto Zoo |
+ -Pili- | LA F | captive-born | < 1 24 | 2003-03-29 | 80.00
| 176.00
| 2004-12-09 | Kibo x Shona | 2003-03-29 Boras Zoo |
-Panzi- | LA F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-05-05 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Kibo x Dudu | 2005-05-05 Boras Zoo |
+ -Phua Victoria Portena- | EM F | captive-born | 3 | 1905-02-23 | 80.00
| 176.00
| 1908-08-05 | Siam (Sayan) x Nayan | 1905-02-23 Buenos Aires Zoo |
-Shwe Zin- | EM F | captive-born | 18 | 2007-08-08 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Radsch x Htoo Kin Aye | 2015-00-00 Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen |
-Thong Kham (twin)- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-03-05 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Phatsadin x Thong Khun | 2015-00-00 Wat Baan Ta Laad |
-Thong Taeng (twin)- | EM M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-03-05 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Phatsadin x Thong Khun | 2015-00-00 Wat Baan Ta Laad |
-Billy (Budi)- | EM M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-02-17 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Alexander x SheRa | 2013-06-23 Denver Zoo |
+ -Ka Yan- | EM M | captive-born | 3 | 2021-02-19 | 80.00
| 176.00
| 2024-11-20 | Mekong x Mingalar Oo | 2021-02-19 Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen |
+ -Bua- | EM F | captive-born | 2 | 2022-08-26 | 80.00
| 176.00
| 2024-02-00 | Kham Khoun x Ping | 2022-08-26 Mekong Elephant Park |
-Kama- | EM M | captive-born | 2 | 2023-11-24 | 80.00
| 176.00
| | Budi x Nurhayati | 2023-11-24 Bali Zoo |
+ -Sethi- | EM M | captive-born | < 1 2 | 2011-03-11 | 78.00
| 171.60
| 2011-05-06 | Calvin (Chanda) x Vishesh | 2011-03-11 Ostrava Zoo |
-unnamed- | LA F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-03-23 | 78.00
| 171.60
| | Ap x Jaew | 2013-03-23 Nakhon Ratchasima Zoo (Korat Zoo) |
+ -Chang- | EM M | captive-born | 39 | 1981-11-10 | 76.00
| 167.20
| 2020-07-24 | Chieng Mai x Ida | 2017-11-03 Copenhagen Zoo |
-Tika- | LA F | captive-born | 18 | 2007-07-13 | 75.00
| 165.00
| | Tusker x Sabie | 2007-07-13 Wuppertal Zoo |
-Yindee- | EM F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-08-02 | 75.00
| 165.00
| | Alexander x Thong Tai | 2005-08-02 Amsterdam Artis Zoo |
-Bunka- | EM M | captive-born | 18 | 2007-12-30 | 75.00
| 165.00
| | Bacho x Malka | 2014-07-09 Yerevan Zoo |
-Faya- | EM F | captive-born | 15 | 2010-07-20 | 75.00
| 165.00
| | Timber x Bangka | 2010-07-20 Rotterdam Zoo |
-Saifon (Tong Yip?)- | EM F | captive-born | 13 | 2012-02-28 | 75.00
| 165.00
| | x Gaewta | 2012-02-28 Kinnaree House elephant camp |
-unknown- | EM F | wild | 15 | 2010-12-21 | 75.00
| 165.00
| | x | 2010-12-21 Madras Vandalur Zoo |
-Mega- | EM F | captive-born | 26 | 1999-07-19 | 75.00
| 165.00
| | Sidarta x Umri | 2019-12-04 Australia Zoo |
-Jara- | LA F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-04-27 | 73.00
| 160.60
| | Jums x Tammi (Tami) | 2005-04-27 Howletts Wild Animal Park |
-Toribio- | LA M | captive-born | 7 | 2018-08-29 | 71.00
| 156.20
| | x Brisa | 2018-08-29 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon |
-Chompoo- | EM F | captive-born | 15 | 2010-08-25 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Jok x Jokia | 2011-02-16 Mae Wang Elephant Camp |
-Matang- | EM F | captive-born | 22 | 2003-12-07 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Setia x Bera | 2003-12-07 Taiping Zoo and Night Safari Malaysia |
-Selama- | EM F | captive-born | 20 | 2005-12-17 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Setia x Jaya | 2005-12-17 Taiping Zoo and Night Safari Malaysia |
-Uzuri- | LA F | captive-born | 17 | 2008-02-17 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Jums x Tammi (Tami) | 2008-02-17 Howletts Wild Animal Park |
-Ein She Min- | EM M | captive-born | 16 | 2009-05-23 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Radsch x Ma Ya Yee | 2024-05-00 Madrid Safari |
-Sitara- | EM F | captive-born | 15 | 2010-12-22 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Ankhor x Sinta (Cinta) | Rostov Zoo |
-Lorato- | LA F | captive-born | 17 | 2008-02-11 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Mufanyane x Kiti (Kitimetse II) | 2008-02-11 Abu Camp |
+ -Arwen- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 17 | 2012-05-29 | 70.00
| 154.00
| 2013-06-25? | Ant Bwe Lay x Homaline | 2012-05-29 Pont-Scorff Zoo |
-Ayu Rosalina- | EM F | captive-born | 13 | 2012-09-18 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | x Susi (Suci) | 2012-09-18 Sampoiniet Conservation Response Unit (CRU) |
-Kyan- | EM M | captive-born | 13 | 2012-11-01 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Alexander x Indra | 2022-09-13 Lodz Zoo |
-Kina- | EM F | captive-born | 16 | 2009-11-10 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Alexander x Indra | 2009-11-10 Amersfoort Zoo |
-Nhi Linh- | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-08-10 | 70.00
| 154.00
| | Timber x Trong Nhi | 2022-11-06 Smithsonian National Zoological Park Washington |
-Boni- | EM F | captive-born | 4 | 2021-02-01 | 69.00
| 151.80
| | x Sari | 2021-02-01 Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU) |
-Sajjana (twin)- | EM M | captive-born | 4 | 2021-08-31 | 67.00
| 147.40
| | Pandu x Surangie | 2021-08-31 Pinnawala elephant orphanage |
+ -Bridgeport- | EM F | captive-born | 4 | 1882-02-02 | 65.91
| 145.00
| 1886-04-11 | Chieftain (Big Chief) x Queen | 1882-02-02 Barnum and London Circus |
-Pooja- | EM F | captive-born | 41 | 1984-08-05 | 64.00
| 140.80
| | x Lakshmi | 1999-08-00 Millennium Elephant Foundation |
+ -stillborn- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 41 | 1972-08-13 | 59.00
| 129.80
| 1972-08-13 | Siam x Saram | 1972-08-13 Paris Zoo Vincennes |
-Disa (twin)- | EM M | captive-born | 4 | 2021-08-31 | 55.50
| 122.10
| | Pandu x Surangie | 2021-08-31 Pinnawala elephant orphanage |
-Cynthia (Chyntia)- | EM F | captive-born | 30 | 1995-01-12 | 55.00
| 121.00
| | Taru x Mawar | 2015-09-29 Madrid Zoo (Casa de Campo) |
+ -Wastl- | EM M | captive-born | 11 | 1932-05-08 | 50.00
| 110.00
| 1943-11-22 | Boy x Cora | 1939-03-21 Berlin Zoo |
-Bafana- | LA M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-03-00 | 50.00
| 110.00
| | x Nandi | Knysna Elephant Park |
+ -Unnamed- | EM unknown | captive-born | < 1 15 | 2018-03-17 | 44.00
| 96.80
| 2018-03-17 | Ant Bwe Lay x Homaline | 2018-03-17 Pont-Scorff Zoo |
+ -stillborn- | LA | captive-born | < 1 15 | 2011-10-08 | 35.00
| 77.00
| 2011-10-08 | Tembo x Zola | 2011-10-08 Colchester Zoo |
+ -Dui-Dui- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 15 | 2003 | 30.00
| 66.00
| 2004-07-07 | x Paitoon | 2004-07-07 FAE Elephant Hospital |
+ -Chang Jiew (Dante)- | EM M | captive-born | 7 | 2010-02-15 | 30.00
| 66.00
| 2017-04-22 | Jok x Kamnoi | 2010-02-00 FAE Elephant Hospital |
+ -Malee- | EM F | captive-born | 4 | 2011-04-15 | 138.18
| 304.00
| 2015-10-01 | Sneezy x Asha | 2011-04-15 Oklahoma City Zoo |
+ -Max (Maximus)- | LA M | captive-born | 15 | 2003-04-16 | 128.18
| 282.00
| 2018-12-12 | Willie x Lil Felix | 2013-10-00 Grants Farm |
-Onyx- | EM M | captive-born | 7 | 2018-08-18 | 125.00
| 275.00
| | Johnson x Opal | 2018-08-18 African Lion Safari (Ontario) |
-Umzula-Zuli- | LA M | captive-born | 7 | 2018-08-11 | 123.64
| 272.00
| | Mabu x Ndula | 2018-08-11 San Diego Zoo Safari Park |
+ -Miss Bets- | LA F | captive-born | 12 | 2007-12-08 | 119.55
| 263.00
| 2019-02-09 | Willie x Amy | 2015-05-00 Fresno Chaffee Zoological Gardens |
-Luna- | EM F | captive-born | 7 | 2018-08-17 | 114.55
| 252.00
| | Johnson x Lilly (Israela) | 2018-08-17 African Lion Safari (Ontario) |
-Chuck- | EM M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-07-15 | 106.82
| 235.00
| | Rex x Mali | 2024-05-00 Houston Zoo |
+ -Mike- | EM M | captive-born | 2 | 2013-06-27 | 97.27
| 214.00
| 2015-01-25 | Romeo x Angelica | 2013-06-27 Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation |
-Teddy- | EM M | captive-born | 4 | 2021-05-16 | 177.73
| 391.00
| | Thai (Thailand) x Tess | 2021-05-16 Houston Zoo |
+ -Nate- | EM M | captive-born | 4 | 2012-12-15 | 160.00
| 352.00
| 2016 | Romeo x Sally | 2012-12-15 Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation |
-Achara- | EM F | captive-born | 11 | 2014-12-22 | 150.91
| 332.00
| | Rex x Asha | 2014-12-22 Oklahoma City Zoo |
+ -stillborn- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 11 | 2006-06-08 | 150.00
| 330.00
| 2006-06-08 | Indy (Butch) x Romani | 2006-06-08 Syracuse Zoo (Rosamond Gifford Zoo) |
-Belle (Bluebelle) - | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-07-07 | 150.00
| 330.00
| | Groucho x Rasha | 2013-07-07 Fort Worth Zoo |
-Nelson- | EM M | captive-born | 5 | 2020-05-12 | 148.18
| 326.00
| | x Shanti | 2020-05-12 Houston Zoo |
-Dori Marie- | EM F | captive-born | 10 | 2015-07-28 | 147.27
| 324.00
| | Tommy (Mickey) x Whimpy | 2015-07-28 Endangered Ark Foundation |
-Piper- | EM F | captive-born | 13 | 2012-08-13 | 143.64
| 316.00
| | Romeo x Shirley | 2021-04-00 White Oak Conservation |
-Kirby- | EM F | captive-born | 1 | 2024-11-15 | 142.73
| 314.00
| | Thai (Thailand) x Shanti | 2024-11-15 Houston Zoo |
-Jabali- | LA M | captive-born | 14 | 2011-08-25 | 141.36
| 311.00
| | Ali x Vasha | 2011-08-24 Disneys Animal Kingdom |
-Nellie- | EM F | captive-born | 12 | 2013-08-02 | 140.91
| 310.00
| | Johnson x Natasha | 2013-08-02 African Lion Safari (Ontario) |
+ -stillborn- | EM F | captive-born | < 1 12 | 1989-11-20 | 136.36
| 300.00
| 1989-11-20 | Ranchipur x Jean | 1989-11-20 San Diego Zoo Safari Park |
-Mapenzi- | LA F | captive-born | 5 | 2020-04-06 | 134.09
| 295.00
| | Mabu x Litsemba | 2020-04-06 Tucson Reid Park Zoo |
-Okubili- | LA M | captive-born | 2 | 2023-02-26 | 131.82
| 290.00
| | x Mlilo | 2023-02-26 Dallas Zoo |
-Luna- | LA F | captive-born | 15 | 2010-05-20 | 130.91
| 288.00
| | Maclean (Mac) x Donna | 2010-05-20 Disneys Animal Kingdom |
-Sam (Samudra)- | EM M | captive-born | 17 | 2008-08-23 | 130.00
| 286.00
| | Tusko x Rose-Tu (twin) | 2008-08-23 Portland Zoo (Metro Washington Park Zoo) |
-Winnie- | EM F | captive-born | 4 | 2021-03-10 | 129.09
| 284.00
| | Bodhi x Tupelo | 2021-03-10 Houston Zoo |
-Kirkja- | LA F | captive-born | 1 | 2024-02-17 | 127.27
| 280.00
| | x Renee | 2024-02-17 Toledo Zoo |
-Qori (Cory)- | EM M | captive-born | 8 | 2017-03-27 | 122.73
| 270.00
| | x Donna (Dona) | 2017-00-00 Way Bungur Elephant Respond Unit (ERU) |
-Travis- | EM M | captive-born | 2 | 2023-02-23 | 122.73
| 270.00
| | Romeo x Belle (Bluebelle) | 2023-02-23 Fort Worth Zoo |
+ -stillborn- | LA M | captive-born | < 1 2 | 2006-02-10 | 112.73
| 248.00
| 2006-02-10 | x Genny C (Timba) | 2006-02-25 Seneca Park Zoo |
+ -Nyah- | LA F | captive-born | 7 | 2012-06-28 | 110.91
| 244.00
| 2019-03-19 | Jack (Jackson) x Ivory | 2012-06-28 Indianapolis Zoo |
+ -Kalina- | LA F | captive-born | 8 | 2011-07-20 | 108.18
| 238.00
| 2019-03-26 | Jack (Jackson) x Kubwa | 2011-07-20 Indianapolis Zoo |
-Tsandzikle- | LA M | captive-born | 15 | 2010-12-27 | 104.55
| 230.00
| | Mabu x Litsemba | 2021-04-00 San Diego Zoo |
-Bowie- | EM M | captive-born | 12 | 2013-08-05 | 104.55
| 230.00
| | Samson x Bluebonnet | 2022-11-21 Oklahoma City Zoo |
+ -Tsuni- | LA F | captive-born | 3 | 2021-07-18 | 99.09
| 218.00
| 2024-02-15 | Jack (Jackson) x Sukiri | 2021-07-18 Fairhope Conservation Center |
-Qinisa- | LA F | captive-born | 13 | 2012-08-28 | 93.18
| 205.00
| | Mabu x Swazi | 2012-08-28 San Diego Zoo Safari Park |
-Linda- | EM F | captive-born | 8 | 2017-03-20 | 86.36
| 190.00
| | x Riska | 2017-03-20 Tegal Yoso elephant respons unit (ERU) |