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Circus elephant
Definition of Circus elephant
From the
elephant glossary
Section: management
Relevant Literature about Circus elephant
A Circus elephant is an elephant that lived most of its time on a travelling Circus, taking part in shows and performing for a paying audience. Elephants on Circus became controversial in the 1990s and only 20 years later elephants on Circus became more unusual.
In 2016 only some 65 elephants still lived on Circus in USA.[1]
In 2017,
Kenneth Feld
, owner of Feld Entertainment and Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus (RBBB), the worlds largest Circus, located In USA, decided to retire their elephants, and within shortly the entire RBBB Circus closed down after 145 years performing with elephants. The older elephants will remain on Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant
Conservation
, while the 16 younger were relocated 200 miles from Central Florida to White Oak
Conservation
in Yulee, outside Jacksonville.[2]
In 1990, 42 Circuses in Germany kept elephants, compared to 39 Zoos, and in 2021, according to the European Elephant
Group
(EEG), based in Germany, there are only 100 circus elephants left in Europe.
The two largest European Circuses, Circus Krone in Germany and Circus Knie in Switzerland, have both retired their elephants and several elephants from smaller European circuses were retired during the last years, to Platschow Elefantenhof (Platschow Elephant Park), in Vorpommern in Germany.[3]
Meanwhile in India, a similair change has been seen, and in 2021 the Great Golden Circus, the only circus in India to use elephants, was de-recognised by the authorities concerned.[4]
Internal relevant links on website www.elephant.se
Circus elephant mentioned in The Elephant Database
No country match the word Circus elephant in the database.
24 locations holdings in the elephant database match the word
Circus elephant
.
Akhshtyr Live Vision Safari Park
, zoo in
Barnum & Bailey Circus
, circus in Bridgeport
Belfast Zoo
, zoo in Belfast, Northern Ireland
Bullen's Circus
, circus in
Campbell Brothers Circus
, circus in Fairbury, Jefferson County
Circus Carl Hagenbeck-Stellingen
, circus in Hamburg
Circus Finlandia
, circus in Mustio
Circus Sanger
, circus in Margate
Clyde Beatty-Russell Brothers Circus
, circus in
Clyde Beatty-Wallace Brothers Circus
, circus in
Cole Bros. Circus (Clyde Beatty-Cole Brothers Circus)
, circus in Deland, Florida
Cole Brothers Circus
, circus in Peru, Indiana
Gautiers Menagerie
, circus in Faucon, Avignon
Hagenbeck-Wallace Circus
, circus in Peru, Indiana
James Brothers Circus (Sid Kellner)
, circus in
Joseph Moore Museum
, museum in Richmond
Kelly Miller Circus
, circus in Hugo
Palace Roc Agel (Grimaldi)
, private in La Turbie
Ringlands Circus (Big Tom Fosset)
, circus in Arden
Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus - Retirement Farm
, circus in Williston
Roland Persson
, museum in Stockholm
Tennessee Elephant Sanctuary (TES)
, sanctuary in Hohenwald
William P. Hall Animal Farm
, dealer in Lancaster
Wirth Circus
, circus in Sydney
27 elephants in the elephant database match the word Circus elephant
EM-F
Aida
born 1994 arrived at
Royal London Circus
in
Malaysia
, from
Kuala Gandah Elephant Conservation Education Centre
, in
Malaysia
.
EM-M
Aidi
born 1992? arrived at
Royal London Circus
in
Malaysia
, from
Kuala Gandah Elephant Conservation Education Centre
, in
Malaysia
.
EM-F
Andra
born 1959? arrived at
Circus Rolando Orfei (Hanmar Circus, Coda Prin)
in
Italy
EM-F
Belle
born 1952 arrived 1961-10-27 at
Portland Zoo (Metro Washington Park Zoo)
in
United States
, from
Seattle Zoo (Woodland Park Zoo)
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Betty
born arrived 1935-00-00 at
Sole Brothers Circus
in
Australia
, from
Perth Zoo
, in
Australia
.
EM-F
Big Jenny (Jennie)
born arrived 1955-00-00 at
Pink Elephants (Paul Kelly)
in
United States
, from
King Brothers Circus
, in
United States
.
EM-M
Black Diamond
born 1897 arrived 1928-00-00 at
Al G. Barnes Circus
in
United States
, from
Wilson's Greater Shows
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Candy
born 1995-03-02 arrived 2007-12-01 at
Yerevan Zoo
in
Armenia
, from
Circus Durov (Animal Theater V.L. Durov Nook)
, in
Russia
.
EM-M
Cardigan (Cardie)
born arrived 1902-00-00 at
Wirth Circus
in
Australia
EM-M
Chief
born 1864 arrived at
Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden
in
United States
, from
John Robinson Circus
, in
United States
.
-F
Dolly
born arrived 1934-12-15 at
Perth Zoo
in
Australia
LA-F
Donna
born 1984 arrived 2003-11-24 at
Disneys Animal Kingdom
in
United States
, from
Albuquerque Biological Park
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Dunja
born 1973 arrived 2009-04-04 at
Belfast Zoo
in
United Kingdom
, from
Hannover Zoo
, in
Germany
.
EM-F
Frida
born arrived 1998-00-00 at
Quilpue Zoo (El Parque Zoológico de Quilpué)
in
Chile
, from
Circus Aguilas (Circo Aguilas)
, in
Chile
.
EM-F
Gelly
born 1994 arrived at
Royal London Circus
in
Malaysia
EM-F
Gyp (Gypsy, Empress?)
born arrived 1907-00-00 at
Great J. E. Henry Show
in
United States
, from
Cook and Barrett (Cook Bros)
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Jenny
born 1961 arrived 2009-04-04 at
Belfast Zoo
in
United Kingdom
, from
Hannover Zoo
, in
Germany
.
EM-F
Lizzie
born 1888 arrived at
John Robinson Circus
in
United States
EM-F
Louie (Lovie, Lovey)
born 1966 arrived 1977-00-00 at
Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation
in
United States
, from
Circus World (Polk City)
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Minyak
born 1932-01-29 arrived 1964-00-00 at
Carson and Barnes Circus
in
United States
, from
Hoxie Brothers Circus
, in
United States
.
MA-
Moorland Mastodon
born arrived at
Moorland swamp
in
United States
, from
North America unspecified forest
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Na
born arrived at
Vietnam Circus Federation
in
Vietnam
EM-F
Savitri
born arrived at
Olympic Circus
in
India
EM-F
Sheeba
born arrived at
Manila Zoo (Manila Zoological and Botanical Gardens)
in
Philippines
, from
Asia unspecified location
, in
Asia unspecified country
.
LA-F
Thandi
born 1981 arrived 2001-07-30 at
Pretoria Zoo
in
South Africa
, from
Brian Boswells Circus
, in
South Africa
.
EM-F
Tina
born 1965 arrived 1966-06-14 at
Belfast Zoo
in
United Kingdom
, from
Tyseley Pet Stores
, in
United Kingdom
.
EM-F
Yhetoo (Yheet thoo)
born 1977 arrived 2009-01-23 at
Belfast Zoo
in
United Kingdom
, from
Krefeld Zoo
, in
Germany
.
Reference list
Koehl, Dan, (2023).
Circus elephant
. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at
https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=51
. (
archived
at the
Wayback machine
)
Sources used for this article is among others:
*[1]
https://www.vox.com/2016/5/30/11760880/circus-elephants
** *[2]
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2021/05/13/circus-elephant-ringling-sanctuary/
** *[3]
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jun/08/the-elephant-vanishes-dumba-how-a-circus-family-went-on-the-run
** *[4]
https://thefederal.com/states/west/gujarat/last-indian-circus-using-elephants-for-shows-loses-recognition/
Selected publications
Friend, T. H. and Bushong, D. 1996. Abstract. Stereotypic behavior in circus elephants and the effect of "anticipation" of feeding, watering and performing. Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology 14-17 August 1996, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Friend, T. H. 1999. Behavior of picketed circus elephants. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62:73- 88.
Friend, T. H. and M. L. Parker. 1999. The effect of penning versus picketing on stereotypic behavior of circus elephants. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 64:213-225.
Gruber, T. M., T. H. Friend, J. M. Gardner, J. M. Packard, B. Beaver, and D. Bushong. 2000. Variation in stereotypic behavior related to restraint in circus elephants. Zoo Biology 19:209-221.
Toscano, M. J., T. H. Friend and C. H. Nevill. 2001 Environmental conditions and body temperature of circus elephants transported during relatively high and low temperature conditions. J. Elephant Managers Association 12:115-149.
Nevill, C. H. and T. H. Friend. 2003. The behavior of circus tigers during transport. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 82:329-337.
Williams, J. L. and T. H. Friend. 2003. Behavior of circus elephants during transport. J. Elephant Managers Association 14:8-11.
Links about Circus elephant
Selected external links
for this article
about Circus elephant:
http://www.zoocheck.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Captive-Elephants-in-Circuses-India-2008.pdf
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