No Contact


Definition of No Contact

From the elephant glossary Section: management


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The No contact elephant management method, shortened to NC, means that there is no physical manipulation of the captive elephant, and hardly any intensive care performed at all.

Until Protected Contact management was developed, No Contact was in the Western Hemisphere the general method of care with Mankillers and/or highly dangerous elephants, who could not be managed in Free Contact, after keepers had become victims of Elephant attacks. This was mostly the case with Adult bulls, and often the only alternative to kill them, but was in rare cases applied to very dangerous cows, who were known to attack people.

One place, known as a general No Contact management location until the nineties, was Givskud Zoo
(Løveparken) in Denmark, where for some reason, many of Europe's most dangerous elephants ended up.

In more recent years, No Contact was the management method in Howletts Wild Animal Park in UK, Cabarceno Zoo Obregon in Spain and Howletts Wild Animal Park in Israel, but may later have started to manage their elephants in Protected Contact.

36 Elephants in NC management

Index Sex Species Name Id Origin Arrival Location
1♂ LA -Nguvu-

EEP id: 202004 		Born captive-born 2020-03-07 Coco x Etana Alive 2020-03-07 Howletts Wild Animal Park
2♀ LA -Maruca-

Local birth nr: 21
EEP id: 202002 		Born captive-born 2020-02-22 Jumar x Hilda Alive 2020-02-22 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
3♀ EM -Lalana-

EEP id: 201313 		Born captive-born 2013-10-02 Motek x La Petite Alive 2013-10-02 Ramat Gan Zoo
4♂ LA -Martín-

Local birth nr: 15
Born captive-born 2012-05-12 x Hilda Alive 2012-05-12 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
5♂ LA -Mchumba (twin)-

EEP id: 20078 		Born captive-born 2011-01-24 Jums x Masa Alive 2011-01-24 Howletts Wild Animal Park
6♀ LA -Manzi (Nelly?)-

EEP id: 20075 		Born captive-born 2010-05-18 Jums x Jumas (Justa) Alive 2010-05-18 Howletts Wild Animal Park
7♀ LA -Etana-

EEP id: 200800 		Born captive-born 2008-12-13 Jums x Swana Alive 2008-12-13 Howletts Wild Animal Park
8♀ LA -Uzuri-

EEP id: 200800 		Born captive-born 2008-02-17 Jums x Tammi (Tami) Alive 2008-02-17 Howletts Wild Animal Park
9♀ LA -Jama-

EEP id: 20048 		Born captive-born 2006-07-17 Jums x Masa Alive 2006-07-17 Howletts Wild Animal Park
10♀ LA -Christina-

Local birth nr: 13
EEP id: 20047 		Born captive-born 2006-06-18 Chisco x Kira Alive 2023-06-16 Kronberg Opel Zoo
11♀ EM -La Belle -

EEP id: 200604 		Born captive-born 2006-03-11 Motek x La Petite Alive 2006-03-11 Ramat Gan Zoo
12♂ LA -Janu-

EEP id: 20039 		Born captive-born 2005-07-07 Jums x Swana Alive 2014-09-03 Noahs Ark Zoo Farm
13♀ LA -Infinita-

Local birth nr: 12
EEP id: 20034 		Born captive-born 2005-05-03 Chisco x Zambi Alive 2005-05-03 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
14♀ LA -Jara-

EEP id: 20033 		Born captive-born 2005-04-27 Jums x Tammi (Tami) Alive 2005-04-27 Howletts Wild Animal Park
15♀ LA -Brisa-

Local birth nr: 9
EEP id: 20021 		Born captive-born 2003-04-28 Chisco x Gustl Alive 2003-04-28 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
16♂ EM -Winner-

EEP id: 200208 		Born captive-born 2002-08-18 Motek x Warda Alive 2008-10-25 Izmir Sasali Natural Life Park Zoo
17♀ LA -Kenia-

Local birth nr: 8
EEP id: 20009 		Born captive-born 2001-08-14 Chisco x Zambi Alive 2001-08-14 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
18♀ LA -Hilda-

Local birth nr: 7
EEP id: 20003 		Born captive-born 2001-04-10 Chisco x Celia Alive 2001-04-10 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
19♂ LA -Leon (Yoni)-

EEP id: 20002 		Born captive-born 2001-02-04 Yossi x Yoki Alive 2003-07-10 Warsaw Zoo (Ogrod Zoologiczny Warsaw)
20♂ LA -Coco-

Local birth nr: 6
EEP id: 20001 		Born captive-born 2000-06-14 Chisco x Laura Alive 2023-08-09 West Midland Safari Park
21♀ EM -Vivi-

EEP id: 20008 		Born captive-born 2000-05-01 Motek x Warda Alive 2007-05-15 Kiriat Motzkin zoo
22♀ EM -Begümcan-

EEP id: 9410 		Born 1996 x Alive 2008-10-28 Izmir Sasali Natural Life Park Zoo
23♂ EM -Sakor-

Born wild 1996 x Alive 2012-08-28 Phnom Tamao Zoo and Wildlife Rescue Center (PTWRC)
24♀ LA -Kira-

Local birth nr: 1
EEP id: 9501 		Born captive-born 1995-02-04 Chisco x Penny Alive 1995-02-04 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
25♀ EM -Wered-

EEP id: 9009 		Born captive-born 1991-01-06 Motek x Warda Alive 2007-05-15 Kiriat Motzkin zoo
26♂ EM -Bo-

Born unknown 1988 x Alive 1993-00-00 Saigon Zoo (Ho Chi Minh Zoo)
27♀ LA -Tammi (Tami)-

EEP id: 8704 		Born captive-born 1987-04-04 Yossi x Katrina (Katerina) Alive 1988-10-01 Howletts Wild Animal Park
28♀ LA -Laura-

EEP id: 8308 		Born wild 1983 x Alive 1994-05-18 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
29♀ LA -Zambi-

EEP id: 8101 		Born wild 1981 x Alive 1994-08-23 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
30♀ LA -Penny-

EEP id: 8002 		Born wild 1980 x Alive 1990-04-02 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
31♂ LA -Jums-

EEP id: 8708 		Born wild 1977-01-01 x Alive 2015-10-00 Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
32♂ LA -Yossi-

EEP id: 7402 SSP id: 555 		Born captive-born 1974-08-11 Timbo x Bahati Alive Ramat Gan Zoo
33♀ EM -Sofia-

EEP id: 7213 		Born wild 1970 x Alive 1972-09-19 Rome Zoo
34♀ LA -Aviva-

EEP id: 6907 		Born wild 1969 x Alive 1994-02-24 Ramat Gan Zoo
35♀ LA -Bahati-

EEP id: 6401 SSP id: 554 		Born wild 1961 x Alive Ramat Gan Zoo
36♂ LA -unknown-

Born unknown x Alive Bangkok Safari World




Reference list Koehl, Dan, (2025). No Contact. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=294. (archived at the Wayback machine)

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