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Unnamed
born 2024-04-06 at
Sebanga-Duri Elephant Center (Riau)
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Lulu
died 2024-04-09 at
PAWS ARK 2000
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Sibu
relocated 2024-03-25 to
Amsterdam Artis Zoo
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Grade
Definition of Grade
From the
elephant glossary
Section: evolution
Cladogram (family tree) of a biological group. The green box (central) may represent an evolutionary grade (paraphyletic), a group united by conservative anatomical and physiological traits rather than phylogeny. The flanking red and blue boxes are clades (i.e., complete monophyletic subtrees).
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In alpha
Taxonomy
, a grade is a
Taxon
united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity.
The term was coined by British biologist Julian Huxley, to contrast with
Clade
, a strictly phylogenetic unit. (Wikipedia)
From Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants, 2006 by Murray Fowler, Susan K. Mikota
Grade. Distantly related or unrelated
Species
(or taxa) that reach the same level due to parallel or convergent evolution.
Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants, 2006 by Murray Fowler, Susan K. Mikota
Reference list
Koehl, Dan, (2024).
Grade
. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at
https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=177
. (
archived
at the
Wayback machine
)
Sources used for this article is among others:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_grade
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This document was created: 2021-10-17. Latest update: 2021-10-17 07:28:11 included 409 characters with valid HTML5
ELEPHANT
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