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Search:
Poaching
Definition of Poaching
From the
elephant glossary
Section: hunting
Relevant Literature about Poaching
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Africa
African elephant numbers
1989: 1 million
2008: fewer than 470,000
Deaths from poaching in Africa
1989: 7.4 percent of the population
2008: 8 percent of the population
Wholesale price of ivory
1990s: $100 per kilogram
2004: $200 per kilogram
2006: to $750 per kilogram
2007: to $850 per kilogram
Source: Sam Wasser
Africa
Recently the percentage of African elephants that do not develop
Tusks
has been steadily increasing in many regions, suggesting that some varieties of the African elephant are losing the tusk as an evolutionary mechanism against poaching. (Christina Larson)
South Africa
South Africa
has a legal export of 60 elephant trophies a year. The cost of shooting an elephant is about 20 000 US$, money which partly is financing protection against poaching.
Tanzania
In 2009, the national census estimated the total abundance of elephants in
Tanzania
was 109,051 individuals, which increased since the late 1980s population of 55,000 individuals. This was likely due in part to anti-poaching actions (Tanzania Elephant Management Plan 2010-2015).
Asia
Asia
China
in 1995, four people were executed for poaching elephants for their
Tusks
. Since then, no poaching cases have been reported. (Los Angeles Times, March 14, 2010)
India
Home to ca 60 percent of Asias elephants,
India
(read more on the link) has the highest death rate from human-elephant conflict, with 200-250 people and 100 elephants killed annually. Habitat fragmentation, poaching of tusked males, and patchy forest law enforcement are problems, but numbers are rebounding.
South India
During the eighties and nighties, A criminal band leader, Verappan (known in this state as a"Robin Hood") from the state of Tamil Nadu in India, killed several hundreds of elephants, most of them
Tuskers
, and about 50 game wardens. So in the case of the Asian elephants, the poaching has not only reduced the population, but also disturbed the balance in the sex ratio of wild populations.
In southern India, poaching of male
Tuskers
has seriously upset the balance of the sexes, with 30 to 40 females to every male. The normal ratio is one male to four females.
Sri Lanka
A record number of elephants - 361 - have died in Sri Lanka during 2019, environmental
Groups
say.
It is highest figure of elephant deaths to be reported since Sri Lanka became independent in 1948, conservationists said. Most were killed by people.
There are an estimated 7,500 wild elephants in Sri Lanka. Killing them is illegal, but the animals often come into conflict with rural communities.
Sajeewa Chamikara, an environmentalist from the Movement for Land and Agricultural Reform, told the BBC that some 85% of elephant deaths last year may have been caused by human activity.(Sri Lanka elephants: "Record number" of deaths in 2019, BBC)
Reference list
Koehl, Dan, (2024).
Poaching
. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at
https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=15
. (
archived
at the
Wayback machine
)
Sources used for this article is among others:
Gobush, KS, BM Mutayoba, SK Wasser. 2008. Long-Term Impacts of Poaching on Relatedness, Stress Physiology, and Reproductive Output of Adult Female African Elephants. Conservation Biology 22: 1590-1599.
Professor Sam Wasser, director, Center for Conservation Biology, University of Washington
Los Angeles Times, March 14, 2010, China's elephants jostle for a little room, Barbara Demick and Nicole Liu,
http://articles.latimes.com/2010/mar/14/world/la-fg-china-elephants14-2010mar14
Sri Lanka elephants: "Record number" of deaths in 2019, BBC online at
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51076898
Selected publications
Gobush, KS, B Kerr, SK Wasser. 2009. Genetic Relatedness and Disrupted Social Structure in a Poached Population of African Elephants. Molecular Ecology 18: 722-734.
Gobush, KS, BM Mutayoba, SK Wasser. 2008. Long-Term Impacts of Poaching on Relatedness, Stress Physiology, and Reproductive Output of Adult Female African Elephants. Conservation Biology 22: 1590-1599.
Links about Poaching
Selected external links
for this article
about Poaching:
University of Washington, Effects of poaching on African elephants, Kathleen Gobush, online at
https://conservationbiology.uw.edu/research-programs/effects-of-poaching-on-african-elephants/
Gobush, KS and SK Wasser. 2009. Behavioural correlates of low relatedness in African elephant core groups of a poached population. Animal Behaviour 78: 1079-1086. Online at
https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/uw-s3-cdn/wp-content/uploads/sites/56/2008/12/23211422/2009AB_Gobush-and-Wasser.pdf
Poaching mentioned on our sister website www.elephant-news.com
2021-04-08
Cbi begins probe into death of elephants, poaching in forests of tamil nadu - Elephant News
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This document was created: 2021-09-20. Latest update: 2021-10-22 04:31:42 included 3682 characters with valid HTML5
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